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In the 1980s,China's higher education achieved considerable progress. By the end of 1992,China
had 1,075 full time institutions of higher learning with 881,000 graduated and 1,320,000,000
undergraduates. So far, there are 1,700 research institutions of natural sciences run by
universities ,220 research institutes and 540 research centers of social sciences,400 key
disciplines and 99 national laboratories. It goes without saying that institutions of higher learning
have been playing as important role in China's scientific research.

China's universities fall under either the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education ,over ministries of
the Central government, provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities or certain major cities.
Universities and independent institutes are all institutions of higher learning on the same footing.

In China, a strict entrance examination system has been introduced with a view to ensuring the
quality of new entrants to universities. The unified national best and brightest in terms of all round
development of morality, intelligence and physique can have access to higher education.

The academic year of full time universities is separated into two semesters (A few have three).The
first semesters begins in September and the second in February. Each semester has about 20
weeks and each week has six school days. In addition to mandatory winter and summer
vacarions, every 1 January (National Day) students have 7-day holidays. Universities operate
normally on other anniversaries and traditional fetes.


STUDENTS LIFE

Chinese students generally live in school dormitories and eat in the school cafeteria. A campus
has many playgrounds with fully equipped facilities which are provided for the convenience of
students for spare time sports activities. Apart from usual physical exercise, students have
access to different sports events and competitions organized by universities, such as long
distance running in winter, swimming in summer and ball games and chess games. Students
strong in sports can join their university teams of basketball, volleyball, football, etc. Fans of
Wushu (the martial art) and Qigong will have teachers available for them. The annual sports
games of each university provide students and teachers with the chance to best demonstrate their
talent in sports events.
The student union and organizations bring together many students of common interest who set
up their own chorus, dancing troupe, orchestra, photography activities. Students in the
associations develop their abilities and give full play to their talents. Universities admitting
foreign students have established separate dormitories and canteens for them. When
conditions permit, foreign students can also share dormitories with Chinese students. They are
also free to eat either in the reserved or Chinese Students' canteens.

Universities have paid ample attention to extra-curricular activities for foreign students. They are
organized to watch artistic performances and go out for sightseeing for rest and recreation after
intense studies. Foreign students are welcome to attend the school's sports games, long
distance running competitions, swimming and ball games, as well as other related activities of
students' organizations.

Friendly exchanges between Chinese and foreign students are encouraged and in particular,
contact between Chinese and foreign youth. Universities often conduct seminars and parties for
Chinese and foreign students and other social activities. Chinese students, with a strong
interest in knowledge, are hardworking and cherish their friendship with foreign students;
therefore they are eager to make friends with them and share their good times and bad. The
students through contact with each other will establish a profound friendship.

School Spirit in China's Institutions of Higher Education

China's universities attach great importance to good school spirit. In many universities, a good
school spirit is embodied by diligence, hardwork, strictness, realism, pioneering, innovation and
originality. Based on the characteristics of their specialties, different universities accentuate
specific aspects of school spirit. For instance, medical universities install in their school spirit
the concept of humanitarianism; normal universities recommend the students to develop the
spirit of sacrifice and be paragons of virtue and learning; and universities of political science and
law encourage the students to cultivate noble characters and to be upright and just, honest and
faithful to the duties.

Student Administration

Students are required by universities to complete registration procedures in time. Freshmen,
before acquiring the status as students, are subject to re-examination.

China's universities check both students' attendance and achievement. Absence from class
without any sound reason is prohibited. Participation in examination specified by the teaching
programme is obligatory. When students have completed all courses offered in the programme
and passed the examination, they are entitled to go up one grade. In universities where the
credit system has been introduced, a credit is obtained when any student passes the
examination will result in repetition, back to a lower grade or discontinuation of schooling
according to school regulations.
Students of good character and scholarship are rewarded, commended and granted
scholarship by China's universities.

Any foreign student in China's university is considered as an ordinary student and hence should
abide by all the rules and regulations of the university.
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